There they fought to carry with them at the end the emperor's throne and crown as war booty
Part 1
At Al-Qadisiyah
The two armies met in combat. No, they did not meet yet. Saad is still there waiting for the advice and instructions of the Commander of the Faithful, and, finally, Umar’s message arrives ordering him to move towards Al-Qadisiyah, the gate to Persia. Umar’s words represented light and guidance:
“O
Saad ibn Wahib, do not be deluded if it is said, you are the Prophet's
uncle and his Companion. Know that there is no relationship between
Allah and anyone except through obedience to Him.
All people, the noble ones as well as the lowly, all are equal in front of Allah. Allah is their God and they are His servants. The relationship between them is one of rivalry for preference by means of their well being, whereas they can only get what is in Allah's hands by means of obedience to Him. Remember the Prophet's positions which he stuck to from the time he was sent to us until he left our world.
Hold to them; it is an order.”
Then he said to him, “Send me information about all your circumstances. Where have you reached and how? What is your enemy's position in respect to yours? Let your messages make me as if I am actually seeing you.”
Saad wrote to the Commander of the Faithful describing everything. He almost showed him each soldier's position and state. Saad reached Al-Qadisiyah. The Persians gathered their army as they never had before and appointed as their leader one of the most famous and dangerous commanders, Rostom.
Saad writes to Umar, the Commander of the Faithful, who replies: “don’t be upset by what you hear from them, or what they show you. Seek Allah's help and put your trust in Him. Send them people of insight, good judgment, and patience to call him to follow Allah's path, and write me every day.”
Saad writes again to the Commander of the Faithful saying, Rostom camped with his troops at Saabaat. He has brought his horses and elephants and marched towards us. Umar replies to calm him.
Saad is a smart, brave horseman, the Prophet's uncle, one of the first converts, and hero of different wars and raids. No sword or lance of his ever failed to reach its target. He stands at the head of his army in one of the greatest historical battles as if he were an ordinary soldier, not deluded by power nor acting arrogantly because of leadership. His self-esteem could tempt him to rely completely on his own capacities; but despite that he always turns to the Commander of the Faithful in Al-Madinah. Although miles and miles separate them, he sends him a message each day, exchanging view points, advice, and opinions while the great battle is still to come.
That was because Saad knew that Umar in Al-Madinah never decided alone, but consulted the Muslims and the Prophet's Companions around him. Despite the war circumstances, Saad did not want to deprive himself or his army of the blessings and benefits of public consultation, especially if Umar, a man with great inspiration, was among the consultants.
Saad carried out Umar's will and sent Rostum, the Persian leader, a number of his companions to call him to follow Islam and Allah's path.
The conversation between them and the Persian leader lasted long. Finally they ended their talk by telling him, "Allah has chosen us to turn whom He chooses of His creatures from paganism to monotheism, from the narrowness of life to its freedom, from ruler's injustice to Islam's fairness.
Whoever accepts our offer we will leave him alone, and will refrain from hurting him. Whoever fights us, we will fight him until we fulfill Allan's promise."
Then Rostum asked, "What is Allah's promise which He made to you?"
The Companion answered, "Paradise for our martyrs and victory for the living ones."
Strong Believer
The delegation returned to Saad, leader of the Muslims, to tell him that it was war. Saad's eyes were hereby filled with tears. He had wished so much that the war would be delayed for some time. On that day his illness became more severe, and he had to suffer its heavy burden. The abscesses spread all over his body, to the extent that he could not sit, let alone ride his horse to take part in an extremely fierce and violent battle.
If the war had just been waged before his illness or had it been delayed till he was cured and healthy again, then he would have proved himself brave. But now! No, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had taught them never to say "If" because "If' means weakness. A strong believer is neither helpless nor weak. Thereupon the Lion's Claws stood up to preach to his soldiers. He began his speech citing the following glorious verse:
{And We have written in the Psalms (given to David) after the Torah (given to Moses): "My righteous servants shall inherit the earth} (Al-Anbiya’ 21: 105)
Having finished his speech Saad led his troops in the Dhuhr Prayer, then turned towards his soldiers and proclaimed four times, "Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest)! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!"
The echo was to be heard all over the universe. Then he stretched out his arm like an unerring arrow pointing to the enemy and shouted to his soldiers, "Let's start this battle accompanied by Allah's blessings."
With pains hard to bear, he ascended to the balcony of his residence, which he used as a dwelling and a headquarters.
On the balcony he sat on a pillow and leaned upon his chest. His door was left open, which meant that by the least Persian attack against his residence he would be captured, alive or dead, but he was far from being afraid or terrified.
His abscesses were bleeding and hurting him severely, but he had something else to think about. Sitting on his balcony, he was shouting, calling, and commanding. First to those in one flank to step forward towards the right, and then to those in another flank to fill out the empty spot on the left. . .
Mughira, look forward! Jurair follow them! Numan, hit! Ash`ath attack.. and you also Qa'qaa. Forward, forward, Prophet's Companions!
His determined and hopeful sound turned each individual soldier into an army of its own. The Persian soldiers fell like flies and with them fell the worship of fire and paganism. After seeing the death of their commander and their best soldiers, the defeated, scattered remnants rapidly escaped.
The Muslim army pursued them until they reached Nahawand then Al-Madain. There they fought to carry with them at the end the emperor's throne and crown as war booty.
The Lion's Claws
At the Battle of Al-Madain, Saad could stand the test and prove himself brave. The Battle of Al- Madain took place two years after the Battle of Al-Qadisiyah, a period during which a lot of continuous armed clashes took place between the Muslims and the Persians. Finally, the scattered remnants of the Persian army gathered at Al-Madain itself, ready for a decisive and final scene.
Saad realized that time was on his enemy's side; therefore, he decided to deprive them of this advantage, but how could he do that? The Tigris River in its flood season stood in the middle between him and Al-Madain.
Thereby, an event took place by which Saad succeeded to prove that he indeed deserved `Abd Ar- Rahman ibn `Awf’s description of him as the Lion's Claws. Saad's faith and determination stood glittering in the face of danger, mocking and making fun of the impossible with admirable bravery.
Saad ordered his army to cross the Tigris River. He ordered them to search for a safe, secure ford in the river which would enable their crossing. Finally they found a place, but the fording was not free of extreme risks.
Before the army started to cross, the leader Saad wisely realized the necessity to safeguard their arrival spot on the opposite bank, where the enemy was camping. Therefore he prepared two detachments, the first of which was called The Detachment of Terror. Its leader was Asim ibn Amr.
The second was called The Detachment of the Dumb, led by Al Qa'qaa ibn Amr.
The soldiers of these two detachments had to encounter many horrible situations to clear a safe place on the opposite bank for the army which would subsequently cross. They fulfilled their task with amazing skill. Saad’s success on that day will always be a cause for the perplexity of historians.
Saad himself was amazed by his own success. It also amazed his companion and escort Salman Al-Farisi, who shook his head in astonishment and said, "Islam is indeed new. By Allah, seas have been subdued by them and the land has been subdued by them. In the name of the One in Whose hands Salman's soul lies, they will leave it in a group, as they entered it in a group."
Indeed, that is exactly what happened. As they penetrated the Tigris River in a group, so they left it in a group without losing one single soldier, nor annoying a single horse.
It
happened that a wooden cup fell from one of the warriors, who felt
sorry to be the only one to lose something. He called his companions to
help to get it out and a high wave pushed it to where someone could pick
it up!
Some historical sources described the magnificence of such a scene as the fording of the river: Saad ordered the Muslims to say, "Allah is enough for us and He is the best to trust in." Then he penetrated the Tigris with his horse, and the people penetrated behind him. No one stayed behind. They walked as if they were walking on a land surface until they filled the whole area between the two banks. The water surface could not be seen due to the numerous troops of cavalry and infantry. People went on talking while walking in the water as if they were on land, as a result of their feeling of security and tranquility, their trust in Allah's judgment and His victory, His promise and His support.
Back in Al-Madinah
When Umar appointed him to be Iraq's governor, he set out to build Kufa and established the foundations of Islam in wide broad lands.
One day the inhabitants of Kufa complained to the Commander of the Faithful about Saad. They lost control over their flimsy, restless temper and made a funny claim saying, "Saad can't pray well." Saad laughed loudly and said, "By Allah, I prayed with them exactly as the Prophet's prayer was. I prolonged the first two rak`ahs and shortened the last two."
When Umar ordered him back to Al-Madinah he did not get annoyed. On the contrary, he responded to Umar's call immediately. After some time, Umar determined to return him to Kufa, but Saad responded laughing, "Do you order me to return to people who claim that I don't perform my prayers well?" He preferred to stay in Al-Madinah.
When the Commander of the Faithful, Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was attacked, he chose six of the Prophet's Companions to be responsible for choosing the next caliph. Umar said that he chose six of those with whom the Prophet was pleased before he died. Saad ibn Abi Waqqas was one of them.
But it seems from Umar's last words that if he would have chosen one of the Companions for the caliphate, it would have been Saad. He said to his companions, advising and commending, "If Saad is to become caliph, that's good; but if someone else is to be caliph, then he has to seek Saad's help."
Saad lived long. He secluded himself during the period of civil strife following the death of the third Caliph, Uthman. Furthermore, he ordered his whole family and children not to tell him any news about what was happening.
Once, everyone was anxious to know his position, when his nephew Hashim ibn Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas said to him, "O uncle, here are 100,000 swords which consider you the more entitled to that matter (i.e. the caliphate)." Saad responded, "I want out of the 100,000 swords, just one sword that if it hits a believer it won't do anything, but if it hits a disbeliever it cuts through."
His nephew realized what he meant and left him in his isolation and security.
When the dispute ended in favor of Muawiyah who took over the reins of government, he asked Saad, `why didn't you fight with us?" He answered, "A dark cloud passed over me. I told it, Shoo! Shoo! I stopped my riding camel until it passed away." Muawiyah said, "Shoo! Shoo cannot be found in the glorious Book of Allah, but Allah said
{And if two parties or groups among the believers fall into fighting, then make peace between them both, but if one of them rebels against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which rebels till it complies with the Command of Allah} (Al-Hujurat 49: 9)
And you did not take anyone's side. You weren't with the unjust against the just, nor were you with the just against the unjust." Hereupon Saad responded, "I wouldn't have fought a man (he meant `Ali ibn Abi Talib) to whom the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "You have towards me the same position Harun (Aaron) had towards Musa (Moses), except that there isn't any Prophet coming after me."
One day in A.H. 54, having exceeded the age of 80, he was at his house in Al-`Aqiiq preparing to meet Allah.
His son spoke of his final moments: “His head was upon my lap, he was passing away. I cried, but he said, ‘What makes You cry, my son? Allah will never torture me. I belong to Paradise!’"
The firmness of his faith could not be weakened even by the quaking fear of death. The Prophet, peace be upon him, had passed him the good news and he believed firmly in the Prophet's honesty; therefore what was there to be afraid of? "Allah will never torture me. I belong to Paradise!"
However, he wanted to meet Allah carrying the most magnificent and most wonderful memory, a memory which joined him with his religion and his Prophet. Therefore, he pointed to his coffer.
They opened it and got out an old, torn, threadbare gown. He ordered his kin to shroud him in that gown saying, "I met the disbelievers at the Battle of Badr wearing it. I've saved it for this day."
Indeed, this threadbare gown was not just a gown. It was the banner waving over a long great life. Our hero lived it honestly, bravely, and faithfully.
The body of the last Muhajirin was buried in Al-Madinah, safely laid beside a group of great Companions who preceded him to Allah. Their exhausted bodies had finally found a secure shelter in the ground of Al-Baqi.
Farewell, Saad. Farewell Saad, the hero of Al-Qadisiyah, conqueror of Al-Madain, extinguisher forever of the worshipped fire of Persia!
At Al-Qadisiyah
The two armies met in combat. No, they did not meet yet. Saad is still there waiting for the advice and instructions of the Commander of the Faithful, and, finally, Umar’s message arrives ordering him to move towards Al-Qadisiyah, the gate to Persia. Umar’s words represented light and guidance:
| Other Distinguished Companions -The Trustworthy of This Nation - The Veiled Warrior - Salman Al-Farisi: Long Search for Truth - Jaafar ibn Abi Talib: The Prophet's Cousin - Hamzah: The Lion of Allah |
All people, the noble ones as well as the lowly, all are equal in front of Allah. Allah is their God and they are His servants. The relationship between them is one of rivalry for preference by means of their well being, whereas they can only get what is in Allah's hands by means of obedience to Him. Remember the Prophet's positions which he stuck to from the time he was sent to us until he left our world.
Hold to them; it is an order.”
Then he said to him, “Send me information about all your circumstances. Where have you reached and how? What is your enemy's position in respect to yours? Let your messages make me as if I am actually seeing you.”
Saad wrote to the Commander of the Faithful describing everything. He almost showed him each soldier's position and state. Saad reached Al-Qadisiyah. The Persians gathered their army as they never had before and appointed as their leader one of the most famous and dangerous commanders, Rostom.
Saad writes to Umar, the Commander of the Faithful, who replies: “don’t be upset by what you hear from them, or what they show you. Seek Allah's help and put your trust in Him. Send them people of insight, good judgment, and patience to call him to follow Allah's path, and write me every day.”
Saad writes again to the Commander of the Faithful saying, Rostom camped with his troops at Saabaat. He has brought his horses and elephants and marched towards us. Umar replies to calm him.
Saad is a smart, brave horseman, the Prophet's uncle, one of the first converts, and hero of different wars and raids. No sword or lance of his ever failed to reach its target. He stands at the head of his army in one of the greatest historical battles as if he were an ordinary soldier, not deluded by power nor acting arrogantly because of leadership. His self-esteem could tempt him to rely completely on his own capacities; but despite that he always turns to the Commander of the Faithful in Al-Madinah. Although miles and miles separate them, he sends him a message each day, exchanging view points, advice, and opinions while the great battle is still to come.
That was because Saad knew that Umar in Al-Madinah never decided alone, but consulted the Muslims and the Prophet's Companions around him. Despite the war circumstances, Saad did not want to deprive himself or his army of the blessings and benefits of public consultation, especially if Umar, a man with great inspiration, was among the consultants.
Saad carried out Umar's will and sent Rostum, the Persian leader, a number of his companions to call him to follow Islam and Allah's path.
The conversation between them and the Persian leader lasted long. Finally they ended their talk by telling him, "Allah has chosen us to turn whom He chooses of His creatures from paganism to monotheism, from the narrowness of life to its freedom, from ruler's injustice to Islam's fairness.
Whoever accepts our offer we will leave him alone, and will refrain from hurting him. Whoever fights us, we will fight him until we fulfill Allan's promise."
Then Rostum asked, "What is Allah's promise which He made to you?"
| On that day his illness became more severe, and he had to suffer its heavy burden |
Strong Believer
The delegation returned to Saad, leader of the Muslims, to tell him that it was war. Saad's eyes were hereby filled with tears. He had wished so much that the war would be delayed for some time. On that day his illness became more severe, and he had to suffer its heavy burden. The abscesses spread all over his body, to the extent that he could not sit, let alone ride his horse to take part in an extremely fierce and violent battle.
If the war had just been waged before his illness or had it been delayed till he was cured and healthy again, then he would have proved himself brave. But now! No, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had taught them never to say "If" because "If' means weakness. A strong believer is neither helpless nor weak. Thereupon the Lion's Claws stood up to preach to his soldiers. He began his speech citing the following glorious verse:
{And We have written in the Psalms (given to David) after the Torah (given to Moses): "My righteous servants shall inherit the earth} (Al-Anbiya’ 21: 105)
Having finished his speech Saad led his troops in the Dhuhr Prayer, then turned towards his soldiers and proclaimed four times, "Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest)! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!"
The echo was to be heard all over the universe. Then he stretched out his arm like an unerring arrow pointing to the enemy and shouted to his soldiers, "Let's start this battle accompanied by Allah's blessings."
With pains hard to bear, he ascended to the balcony of his residence, which he used as a dwelling and a headquarters.
On the balcony he sat on a pillow and leaned upon his chest. His door was left open, which meant that by the least Persian attack against his residence he would be captured, alive or dead, but he was far from being afraid or terrified.
His abscesses were bleeding and hurting him severely, but he had something else to think about. Sitting on his balcony, he was shouting, calling, and commanding. First to those in one flank to step forward towards the right, and then to those in another flank to fill out the empty spot on the left. . .
Mughira, look forward! Jurair follow them! Numan, hit! Ash`ath attack.. and you also Qa'qaa. Forward, forward, Prophet's Companions!
His determined and hopeful sound turned each individual soldier into an army of its own. The Persian soldiers fell like flies and with them fell the worship of fire and paganism. After seeing the death of their commander and their best soldiers, the defeated, scattered remnants rapidly escaped.
The Muslim army pursued them until they reached Nahawand then Al-Madain. There they fought to carry with them at the end the emperor's throne and crown as war booty.
The Lion's Claws
At the Battle of Al-Madain, Saad could stand the test and prove himself brave. The Battle of Al- Madain took place two years after the Battle of Al-Qadisiyah, a period during which a lot of continuous armed clashes took place between the Muslims and the Persians. Finally, the scattered remnants of the Persian army gathered at Al-Madain itself, ready for a decisive and final scene.
Saad realized that time was on his enemy's side; therefore, he decided to deprive them of this advantage, but how could he do that? The Tigris River in its flood season stood in the middle between him and Al-Madain.
Thereby, an event took place by which Saad succeeded to prove that he indeed deserved `Abd Ar- Rahman ibn `Awf’s description of him as the Lion's Claws. Saad's faith and determination stood glittering in the face of danger, mocking and making fun of the impossible with admirable bravery.
Saad ordered his army to cross the Tigris River. He ordered them to search for a safe, secure ford in the river which would enable their crossing. Finally they found a place, but the fording was not free of extreme risks.
Before the army started to cross, the leader Saad wisely realized the necessity to safeguard their arrival spot on the opposite bank, where the enemy was camping. Therefore he prepared two detachments, the first of which was called The Detachment of Terror. Its leader was Asim ibn Amr.
The second was called The Detachment of the Dumb, led by Al Qa'qaa ibn Amr.
The soldiers of these two detachments had to encounter many horrible situations to clear a safe place on the opposite bank for the army which would subsequently cross. They fulfilled their task with amazing skill. Saad’s success on that day will always be a cause for the perplexity of historians.
Saad himself was amazed by his own success. It also amazed his companion and escort Salman Al-Farisi, who shook his head in astonishment and said, "Islam is indeed new. By Allah, seas have been subdued by them and the land has been subdued by them. In the name of the One in Whose hands Salman's soul lies, they will leave it in a group, as they entered it in a group."
Indeed, that is exactly what happened. As they penetrated the Tigris River in a group, so they left it in a group without losing one single soldier, nor annoying a single horse.
| The water surface could not be seen due to the numerous troops of cavalry and infantry |
Some historical sources described the magnificence of such a scene as the fording of the river: Saad ordered the Muslims to say, "Allah is enough for us and He is the best to trust in." Then he penetrated the Tigris with his horse, and the people penetrated behind him. No one stayed behind. They walked as if they were walking on a land surface until they filled the whole area between the two banks. The water surface could not be seen due to the numerous troops of cavalry and infantry. People went on talking while walking in the water as if they were on land, as a result of their feeling of security and tranquility, their trust in Allah's judgment and His victory, His promise and His support.
Back in Al-Madinah
When Umar appointed him to be Iraq's governor, he set out to build Kufa and established the foundations of Islam in wide broad lands.
One day the inhabitants of Kufa complained to the Commander of the Faithful about Saad. They lost control over their flimsy, restless temper and made a funny claim saying, "Saad can't pray well." Saad laughed loudly and said, "By Allah, I prayed with them exactly as the Prophet's prayer was. I prolonged the first two rak`ahs and shortened the last two."
When Umar ordered him back to Al-Madinah he did not get annoyed. On the contrary, he responded to Umar's call immediately. After some time, Umar determined to return him to Kufa, but Saad responded laughing, "Do you order me to return to people who claim that I don't perform my prayers well?" He preferred to stay in Al-Madinah.
When the Commander of the Faithful, Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was attacked, he chose six of the Prophet's Companions to be responsible for choosing the next caliph. Umar said that he chose six of those with whom the Prophet was pleased before he died. Saad ibn Abi Waqqas was one of them.
But it seems from Umar's last words that if he would have chosen one of the Companions for the caliphate, it would have been Saad. He said to his companions, advising and commending, "If Saad is to become caliph, that's good; but if someone else is to be caliph, then he has to seek Saad's help."
Saad lived long. He secluded himself during the period of civil strife following the death of the third Caliph, Uthman. Furthermore, he ordered his whole family and children not to tell him any news about what was happening.
Once, everyone was anxious to know his position, when his nephew Hashim ibn Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas said to him, "O uncle, here are 100,000 swords which consider you the more entitled to that matter (i.e. the caliphate)." Saad responded, "I want out of the 100,000 swords, just one sword that if it hits a believer it won't do anything, but if it hits a disbeliever it cuts through."
His nephew realized what he meant and left him in his isolation and security.
When the dispute ended in favor of Muawiyah who took over the reins of government, he asked Saad, `why didn't you fight with us?" He answered, "A dark cloud passed over me. I told it, Shoo! Shoo! I stopped my riding camel until it passed away." Muawiyah said, "Shoo! Shoo cannot be found in the glorious Book of Allah, but Allah said
{And if two parties or groups among the believers fall into fighting, then make peace between them both, but if one of them rebels against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which rebels till it complies with the Command of Allah} (Al-Hujurat 49: 9)
And you did not take anyone's side. You weren't with the unjust against the just, nor were you with the just against the unjust." Hereupon Saad responded, "I wouldn't have fought a man (he meant `Ali ibn Abi Talib) to whom the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "You have towards me the same position Harun (Aaron) had towards Musa (Moses), except that there isn't any Prophet coming after me."
One day in A.H. 54, having exceeded the age of 80, he was at his house in Al-`Aqiiq preparing to meet Allah.
His son spoke of his final moments: “His head was upon my lap, he was passing away. I cried, but he said, ‘What makes You cry, my son? Allah will never torture me. I belong to Paradise!’"
The firmness of his faith could not be weakened even by the quaking fear of death. The Prophet, peace be upon him, had passed him the good news and he believed firmly in the Prophet's honesty; therefore what was there to be afraid of? "Allah will never torture me. I belong to Paradise!"
However, he wanted to meet Allah carrying the most magnificent and most wonderful memory, a memory which joined him with his religion and his Prophet. Therefore, he pointed to his coffer.
They opened it and got out an old, torn, threadbare gown. He ordered his kin to shroud him in that gown saying, "I met the disbelievers at the Battle of Badr wearing it. I've saved it for this day."
Indeed, this threadbare gown was not just a gown. It was the banner waving over a long great life. Our hero lived it honestly, bravely, and faithfully.
The body of the last Muhajirin was buried in Al-Madinah, safely laid beside a group of great Companions who preceded him to Allah. Their exhausted bodies had finally found a secure shelter in the ground of Al-Baqi.
Farewell, Saad. Farewell Saad, the hero of Al-Qadisiyah, conqueror of Al-Madain, extinguisher forever of the worshipped fire of Persia!
This article is an excerpt from the book “Men Around the
Messenger”, which is a translation based on Khalid Muhammad Khalid's
celebrated work in Arabic, Rijal Hawla al-Rasul.The book includes the
lives of 60 well known companions after the four successors of the
Prophet. It is translated by Muhammad Mahdi Al Sharif.
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